Gold Nanoparticles: A Revolutionary Breakthrough in Nanotechnology

Gold nanoparticles, often referred to as AuNPs, have garnered substantial attention in the field of nanotechnology due to their unique properties and multifaceted applications. These nanoparticles, typically ranging in size from 1 to 100 nanometers, exhibit remarkable optical, electronic, and catalytic properties, making them integral components in various fields, including medicine, electronics, catalysis, and sensing.

Properties of Gold Nanoparticles

Gold nanoparticles exhibit unique physical, chemical, and optical properties due to their small size and high surface area-to-volume ratio. These properties include:

• Size-Dependent Optical Properties

Gold nanoparticles display a vibrant range of colors, arising from the interaction of light with conduction band electrons, which depends on the particle size and shape.

• Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR)

This phenomenon occurs when the conduction band electrons in the gold nanoparticles collectively oscillate in resonance with the light's electric field, resulting in strong absorption and scattering of light at specific wavelengths.

• High Surface Area

The large surface area of gold nanoparticles facilitates interactions with biomolecules, making them excellent candidates for biological applications.

• Catalytic Activity

Gold nanoparticles exhibit remarkable catalytic activity, making them valuable in various catalytic applications, owing to their unique surface properties.

Quick Selection List of Gold Nanoparticles

Catalog	Product Name
ACM7440575-170	Gold-Citric Acid Colloidal Solution (Au, Purity: 99.9 %, Diameter: 100nm)
ACM7440575-171	Gold-Citric Acid Colloidal Solution (Au, Purity: 99.9 %, Diameter: 150nm)
ACM7440575-172	Gold-Citric Acid Colloidal Solution (Au, Purity: 99.9 %, Diameter: 15nm)
ACM7440575-173	Gold-Citric Acid Colloidal Solution (Au, Purity: 99.9 %, Diameter: 20nm)
ACM7440575-174	Gold-Citric Acid Colloidal Solution (Au, Purity: 99.9 %, Diameter: 40nm)
ACM7440575-175	Gold-Citric Acid Colloidal Solution (Au, Purity: 99.9 %, Diameter: 50nm)
ACM7440575-176	Gold-Citric Acid Colloidal Solution (Au, Purity: 99.9 %, Diameter: 60nm)
ACM7440575-177	Gold-Citric Acid Colloidal Solution (Au, Purity: 99.9 %, Diameter: 80nm)
ACM7440575-178	Gold-Citric Acid Colloidal Solution (Au, Purity: 99.9 %, Diameter:30nm)
ACM7440575-123	Gold Dispersion (Au, Purity: 99.9 %, Diameter: 1-10nm)
ACM7440575-158	Gold Nanoparticle Colloidal Solution (Au, Colloidal, 99.9 %, Diameter: 50-100nm)
ACM7440575-159	Gold Nanoparticle Dispersion (Au, Purity: 99.9 %, Diameter: 5nm)
ACM7440575-160	Gold Nanoparticles Dispersion (Au, Purity: 99.9%, Diameter:<10nm)
ACM7440575-161	Gold Nanoparticles Dispersion (Au, Purity: 99.9%, Diameter:<15nm)
ACM7440575-162	Gold Nanoparticles Dispersion (Au, Purity: 99.9%, Diameter: 12nm)
ACM7440575-163	Gold Nanoparticles Dispersion (Au, Purity: 99.9%, Diameter: 15nm)
ACM7440575-164	Gold Nanoparticles Dispersion (Au, Purity: 99.9%, Diameter: 16nm)
ACM7440575-165	Gold Nanoparticles Dispersion (Au, Purity: 99.9%, Diameter: 17nm)
ACM7440575-166	Gold Nanoparticles Dispersion (Au, Purity: 99.9%, Diameter: 25nm)
ACM7440575-167	Gold Nanoparticles Dispersion (Au, Purity: 99.9%, Diameter: 35nm)
ACM7440575-168	Gold Nanoparticles Dispersion (Au, Purity: 99.9%, Diameter: 40nm)
ACM7440575-169	Gold, nano-urchins (Au, Purity: 99.9%, Diameter: 50 nm)

Synthesis Methods of Gold Nanoparticles

• Chemical Synthesis

In the chemical synthesis of gold nanoparticles, chemical reactions involving reducing agents in aqueous media are involved. Commonly used reducing agents include citrate and sodium borohydride. For example, the Turkevitch method is a widely used chemical synthesis method of colloidal gold due to its advantages such as simple and easy synthesis, controllable size and stability of colloidal nanoparticles.

• Physical Synthesis

Methods such as γ-radiation method, microwave (MW) radiation, sonochemical method, ultraviolet (UV) radiation, laser ablation, pyrolysis process and photochemical process are classified as physical synthesis methods of gold nanoparticles. For example, the reduction reaction of gold(III) tetrachloroaurate to prepare gold nanoparticles can be achieved through the photoinduced effect of a 532 nm wavelength laser beam.

• Biological Synthesis

Utilizing plant extracts or biomolecules as reducing and stabilizing agents is an environmentally friendly approach for synthesizing gold nanoparticles. This method offers a sustainable and biocompatible alternative to traditional chemical methods.

Methods for nanoparticle preparation. [1]

Applications of Gold Nanoparticles

• Biomedical Imaging and Diagnostics

Due to their strong light absorption and scattering properties, gold nanoparticles are used in imaging techniques such as Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) and photoacoustic imaging, enabling sensitive detection of biomolecules and cancer cells.

• Drug Delivery Systems

Functionalized gold nanoparticles can serve as carriers for drug delivery, enhancing drug solubility and bioavailability, and enabling targeted delivery to specific sites within the body.

• Catalysis

Gold nanoparticles exhibit excellent catalytic properties in various chemical reactions, including oxidation, hydrogenation, and carbon-carbon bond formation, which are crucial in industrial processes.

• Sensing and Detection

Gold nanoparticle-based sensors are utilized for the detection of various analytes, such as heavy metals, organic compounds, and biological molecules, due to their high sensitivity and selectivity.

Applications of gold nanoparticles. [2]Applications of gold nanoparticles. [2]

Functionalization of Gold Nanoparticles

Functionalization of gold nanoparticles involves modifying their surface with ligands, biomolecules, or polymers to impart specific properties for tailored applications. Recent advances in functionalization techniques include:

• Bioconjugation

The coupling of proteins, DNA, or antibodies onto gold nanoparticles enables specific targeting and interaction with biological systems, facilitating applications in biosensing, therapeutics, and molecular imaging.

• Surface Modification

Controlled surface functionalization allows for the attachment of specific chemical groups, enabling enhanced stability, biocompatibility, and functionality tailored to the desired application.

Metal ion sensing using AuNPs. [1]

• Multifunctional Nanoparticles

By integrating multiple functionalities into a single nanoparticle, such as imaging agents, targeting ligands, and therapeutic payloads, multifunctional gold nanoparticles offer significant potential in personalized medicine and theragnostic.

References

1. Alex, Saji, et al. Journal of nanoscience and nanotechnology, 2015, 15(3), 1869-1894.
2. Narges Elahi, et al. Talanta, 2018, 184, 537-556.

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